Every family is different. This is what we do in our house, so you have a clear answer to start from.
A smartphone: when they get their driver's license. A flip phone: fine in middle school. A smartwatch: calls and texts only. Phones stay downstairs at night, and there are no phones at the dinner table.
No smartphone until they get their license, at 16, and no social media until then either. No smartphone or internet of their own until high school. Until then, a Tin Can or the landline for calls, and in middle school, texting on a flip phone.
TikTok, Snapchat and Instagram: not right now. YouTube: no, too many Shorts and creator videos. Discord: no, it's a group chat but worse. Group chats: make plans in person or on the landline. Going live: no. A phone for school: no, and in an emergency the teacher calls us.
Roblox friends: no, too many strangers. Online games: with a friend in person, and no one online. Buying things in games: not unless it's their own money. A game on the tablet: yes, on the big TV. The iPad: airplanes and long drives, with no internet.
AI for homework: not until high school, around 16. Until then I'm their tutor, and when a teacher assigns it, they do it the teacher's way and show me. What AI tells them: always check it, and use it as a last resort. AI friend apps: lean on real people.
Every answer comes with the whole conversation, word for word, in The Digital Childhood.
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Some of these book links are affiliate links, so if you buy through one, I may earn a little from it. It never costs you anything extra.